School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences

History of Philosophy at Edinburgh

Philosophy buildingPhilosophy has been taught at the University since its foundation in 1583. The University, founded by the Edinburgh Town Council, was first known as the College of Edinburgh or The Town's College. Students studied under one Regent for their entire four-year course, until Professorships were introduced in 1708, including the Chair of Ethics & Moral Philosophy and the Chair of Logic & Metaphysics (see below). At this time the curriculum for a Master's of Arts consisted of Latin (year one), Greek (year two), "Ethical and Pneumatical Philosophy" (ethics, theology, and philosophy of mind, later "Moral Philosophy," year three), and Natural Philosophy (year four), with optional lectures in Logic & Metaphysics and Mathematics. By the Universities Act of 1858, the patronage of the Chairs, previously in the gift of the Town Council, was transferred to seven Curators of Patronage.

Edinburgh has a distinguished place in the history of philosophy. David Hume was a student at the University between 1722 and 1726, and lived in Edinburgh for most of his life. (He was passed over for the Chair of Ethical and Pneumatical Philosophy, in 1745, on grounds of atheism.) Adam Smith delivered public lectures at the University between 1748 and 1751, which were sponsored by The Philosophical Society, later the Royal Society of Edinburgh (of which two present-day members of the philosophy faculty, Professor Andy Clark and Professor Duncan Pritchard, are members). Smith composed An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) at his home in nearby Kirkaldy. Adam Ferguson and Dugald Stewart, both leading figures of the 18th Century Scottish Enlightenment (along with Hume and Smith), were members of the University's philosophy faculty. Other members have included Sir William Hamilton, A. E. Taylor, Norman Kemp Smith, John Macmurray and W.H. Walsh.

Chair incumbents

Chair of Moral Philosophy

Dates Name
1708 William Law
1729 William Scott
1734 - 1745 John Pringle
1745 - 1754 William Cleghorn (David Hume unsuccessful)
1754 - 1764 James Balfour
1764 - 1785 Adam Ferguson
1785 - 1820 Dugald Stewart
1810 - 1820 Thomas Brown (conjoint professor)
1820 - 1851 John Wilson (wrote journalism as 'Christopher North')
1853 P.C. McDougall
1868 Henry Calderwood
1898 James Seth
1924 - 1941 Alfred Edward Taylor (performed duties till 1944)
1944 - 1957 John Macmurray
1959 Winston Herbert Frederick Barnes
1964 - 1973 Harry Burrows Acton
1975 - 1996 Ronald Hepburn
1999 - 2004 Rae Langton

Chair of Logic and Metaphysics

Dates Name
1708 Colin Drummond
1730 John Stevenson
1774 John Bruce
1786 James Finlayson
1808 David Ritchie
1836 - 1856 William Hamilton
1856 Alexander Campbell Fraser
1891 - 1919 Andrew Seth (from 1898 known as 'Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison')
1919 - 1945 Norman Kemp Smith
1945 - 1960 Arthur David Ritchie
1960 - 1976 William Henry Walsh
1979 - 1989 Timothy Sprigge
1995 - 2000 Timothy Williamson
2000 - 2003 Huw Price
2004 - Andy Clark